{"id":43568,"date":"2024-12-13T10:55:05","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T15:55:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/thang-2-la-thang-lich-su-nguoi-da-den\/"},"modified":"2024-12-13T10:55:05","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T15:55:05","slug":"thang-2-la-thang-lich-su-nguoi-da-den","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/cuoc-song-dai-hoc\/thang-2-la-thang-lich-su-nguoi-da-den\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1ng 2 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u00e1ng 2 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \"Th\u00e1ng<\/a>t\u00f4n vinh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho qu\u1ed1c gia. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 Thurgood Marshall, Langston Hughes, Rosa Parks, Maya Angelou v\u00e0 Jackie Robinson. N\u0103m 1926, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi (ASALH) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Tu\u1ea7n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en, ch\u1ecdn tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng Hai tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y sinh c\u1ee7a Abraham Lincoln v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Frederick Douglass. N\u0103m 1976, th\u00e1ng Hai ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi ho\u1eb7c Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia duy nh\u1ea5t k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en. V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Canada c\u0169ng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y. Canada k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Hai trong khi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi l\u00e0 45 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3, chi\u1ebfm 14,3% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 Hoa K\u1ef3. V\u1edbi 3,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, New York c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. 51 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Washington DC l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60, Phong tr\u00e0o D\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c phi d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7. Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en ca ng\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111an xen h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd. Th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ngo\u1ea1i giao, qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc, th\u1ec3 thao, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ec \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi cho Hoa K\u1ef3. <\/p>\n

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  1. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Hiram Rhodes Revels c\u1ee7a Mississippi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1870.<\/li>\n
  2. Robert Henry Lawrence l\u00e0 phi h\u00e0nh gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian. Guion Bluford l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bay v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1983. <\/li>\n
  3. Garrett A. Morgan \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u giao th\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1923. General Electric \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb \u00f4ng. <\/li>\n
  4. Frederick McKinley Jones \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n d\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, binh l\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfng, c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn. <\/li>\n
  5. B\u00e0 CJ Walker, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u00f3c cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef da \u0111en, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n<\/li>\n
  6. Charles Drew \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u01b0u tr\u1eef huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho ph\u00e9p th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng m\u00e1u.<\/li>\n
  7. Granville T. Woods \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o \u0111a k\u00eanh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1887.<\/li>\n
  8. George T. Sampson \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1892.<\/li>\n
  9. Elijah McCoy \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t minh ra c\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u h\u1ecfa. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a McCoy l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u “McCoy th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1”, \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef n\u00e0y! <\/li>\n
  10. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, George Crum \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n khoai t\u00e2y chi\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Th\u00e1ng 2 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong su\u1ed1t th\u00e1ng n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u00f4n vinh v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho qu\u1ed1c gia. Tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13079],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[1944,1899,1897,1935,1889,1886,1938,1878,1934,1932,1945,1946,1943,1939,1936,1933,1940,1937,1942,1941],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43568\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43568"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.talk.edu\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=43568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}